Search results for "Genetic translation"

showing 3 items of 3 documents

Change in Protein Phenotype without a Nucleus: Translational Control in Platelets

2004

For most cells the nucleus takes center stage. Not only is it the largest organelle in eukaryotic cells, it carries most of the genome and transcription of DNA to RNA largely takes place in the nucleus. Because transcription is a major step in gene regulation, the absence of a nucleus is limiting from a biosynthetic standpoint. Consequently, the anucleate status of platelets has stereotyped it as a cell without synthetic potential. It is now clear, however, that this viewpoint is far too simplistic. In response to physiologic stimuli, platelets synthesize biologically relevant proteins that are regulated via gene expression programs at the translational level. This process does not require …

Blood PlateletsCell NucleusRegulation of gene expressionGeneticsMessenger RNATranscription GeneticCellBlood ProteinsHematologyBiologyGenetic translationCell biologyPhenotypemedicine.anatomical_structureTranscription (biology)Protein BiosynthesisGene expressionmedicineAnimalsHumansRNA MessengerThrombopoiesisCardiology and Cardiovascular MedicineRibosomesNucleusSeminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis
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Translation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface proteins from the HBV pregenome and precore RNAs in Semliki Forest virus-driven expression.

2004

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) pregenome RNA (pgRNA) serves as a translation template for the HBV core (HBc) protein and viral polymerase (Pol). HBV precore RNA (pcRNA) directs the synthesis of the precore (preC) protein, a precursor of the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). pgRNA and pcRNA were expressed in the Semliki Forest virus (SFV) expression system. Besides the HBc and preC proteins, there was revealed the synthesis of all three forms of HBV surface (HBs) proteins: long (LHBs), middle (MHBs) and short (SHBs), the start codons of which are located more than 1000 nt downstream of the HBc and preC start codons. Moreover, other HBV templates, such as 3′-truncated pgRNA lacking 3′ direct repeat and…

HBV RNA encapsidation signal epsilonHepatitis B virusvirusesGene ExpressionLeaky scanningDNA-Directed DNA Polymerasemedicine.disease_causeSemliki Forest virusVirus ReplicationCell LineViral Envelope ProteinsVirologymedicineAnimalsHepatitis B e AntigensRNA MessengerCloning MolecularProtein PrecursorsHepatitis B virusHepatitis B Surface Antigensbiologyvirus diseasesRNA virusTemplates Geneticbiology.organism_classificationVirologyMolecular biologyHepatitis B Core AntigensImmunohistochemistrySemliki forest virusdigestive system diseasesGenetic translationHBeAgHepadnaviridaeProtein BiosynthesisRNA ViralThe Journal of general virology
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On the function of modified nucleosides in the RNA world.

1998

Presumably ribosome and transfer RNA (tRNA) evolved from a pre-existing function in the RNA stage of life and were secondarily adapted for protein synthesis. Various possible initial functions of the primitive ribosome (protoribosome) have been suggested. The initial function of the primitive ribosome and primitive genetic translation would have been quite similar. It is possible that, initially, both functions coexisted in the protoribosome. Given that the three-dimensional structure of ribosomal RNAs shows only minor variations throughout time, it is, then, most likely that present ribosomes can still recall (remember) the most important parts of the mechanism of their initial function. A…

Statistics and ProbabilityGeneral Immunology and MicrobiologyApplied MathematicsRibozymeRNATranslation (biology)NucleosidesGeneral MedicineBiologyRibosomeGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyGenetic translationEvolution MolecularBiochemistryRNA TransferRNA RibosomalModeling and SimulationProtein BiosynthesisTransfer RNAbiology.proteinProtein biosynthesisAnimalsRNAGeneral Agricultural and Biological SciencesEukaryotic RibosomeJournal of theoretical biology
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